Our ears became accustomed to the rumble of gunfire, our eyes familiar with the sight of men digging bodies out of piles of rubble. He remembers, "The infighting between the factions was fierce and no one knew if they would live to see the end of the day. In The Kite Runner, Rahim Khan describes the fear in Kabul during this time. In the years following Soviet withdrawal, there was a great deal of infighting among rival militias, making everyday life in Afghanistan unsafe. Then in 1992, in the wake of the collapse of the Soviet Union and therefore Soviet support for the government, the mujahedin finally won Afghanistan and converted it to an Islamic State. When the Soviet Troops finally withdrew in 1989, Afghanistan remained under PDPA for three more years. The United States was among the countries that supported the resistance, because of its own anti-Soviet policies. Farid and his father are examples in The Kite Runner of these mujahedins or men engaged in war on the side of Islam. Throughout the ten years of Soviet occupation, internal Muslim forces put up a resistance. This is the historical point in The Kite Runner when Baba and Amir leave Afghanistan. These factions began to challenge the government so rigorously that in 1979, the Soviet Army entered Afghanistan, beginning an occupation that would last a decade. These reforms incensed groups of Afghans who believed in adherence to traditional and religious laws. The PDPA instituted many political and social reforms in Afghanistan, including abolishing religious and traditional customs. Even though Afghanistan had long insisted on maintaining its independence from Russia, the PDPA was a Communist party and therefore held close ties to the Soviet Union. Daoud was killed in the coup along with most of his family. Then, on April 27, 1978, he was violently overthrown by the PDPA, People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan.
For six years, Mohammad Daoud Khan was President and Prime Minister of Afghanistan. The military coup was nearly bloodless, but as we see through Amir's story, it was still a frightening time for the people of Kabul who heard rioting and shooting in the streets. Mohammad Daoud Khan was Zahir Shah's cousin and a former Prime Minister of Afghanistan. On July 17, 1973, when the king was on vacation, Mohammad Daoud Khan seized power. It is bordered by Pakistan, Iran, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and for a short distance, China.įrom 1933-1973, Afghanistan was a monarchy ruled by King Zahir Shah. Afghanistan means "Land of Afghan," Afghan being a name the Pashtun majority used to describe themselves starting before the year 1000. The country's capital is Kabul, which is also the capital of the northeast province of the same name. The nation is located in Central Asia and is made up of thirty-four provinces. In order to orient ourselves, let us look at Afghanistan's geography. Like all places, Afghanistan has a long and complicated history, but it came to international attention only after the coup of 1973. The Kite Runner deals with the country of Afghanistan from the 1970s to the year 2002.
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